{"id":33519,"date":"2025-03-28T16:53:05","date_gmt":"2025-03-28T08:53:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/?p=33519"},"modified":"2025-03-28T16:53:13","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T08:53:13","slug":"detailed-process-flow-of-photovoltaic-ribbon-tinning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/detailed-process-flow-of-photovoltaic-ribbon-tinning\/","title":{"rendered":"Detailed process flow of photovoltaic ribbon tinning"},"content":{"rendered":"

Photovoltaic welding ribbon<\/a>Tin plating is to evenly cover the surface of a high-purity copper substrate with a layer of tin or tin alloy to improve the welding performance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of the soldering strip. The following is the detailed process flow of tin plating of photovoltaic solder strips:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Substrate preparation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u2705 Substrate selection:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Use T2 oxygen-free copper (C1100) or OFE copper with a copper content \u2265 99.95%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Substrate thickness: 0.05mm \u2013 0.5mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Substrate width: 0.5mm \u2013 10.0mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2705 Surface cleaning:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Purpose: To remove the oxide layer, oil stains and impurities on the copper surface to ensure uniform adhesion of the coating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f 2. Tinning process<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (1) Continuous tin plating (hot-dip tin plating)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2705 Principle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The copper strip passes through a high-temperature molten tin bath, so that the tin layer is evenly attached to the copper substrate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2705 Process flow:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Preheating: The copper strip enters the preheating zone, where the surface temperature is heated to 100\u00b0C \u2013 150\u00b0C to remove residual moisture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hot dip tinning:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The copper strip is passed through a bath of molten tin, maintained at a temperature of 230\u00b0C \u2013 270\u00b0C (depending on the type of tin).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tin bath material: usually pure tin (Sn100), tin-lead (Sn60Pb40) or tin-silver (Sn97Ag3) is used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tin plating thickness: controlled between 5\u03bcm \u2013 30\u03bcm, depending on customer requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Remove excess tin layer (scrape tin):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Use an air knife or scraper to remove excess tin on the surface to ensure uniform plating and consistent thickness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cooling and solidification: The tinned solder strip is cooled rapidly to solidify the tin layer and improve the bonding strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (2) Electroplating Tin<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2705 Principle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Through electrolysis, a uniform layer of tin is plated on the surface of the copper strip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2705 Process flow:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Electrolyte configuration:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sulfate or chloride electrolyte is commonly used, and the tin ion concentration is controlled at 10-50g\/L.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Electroplating process:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Copper strip is used as cathode and pure tin plate or tin alloy plate is used as anode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Current density: 5 \u2013 20 A\/dm\u00b2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Plating time: 10 \u2013 60 seconds, depending on the thickness of the coating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Thickness control: Control the thickness of the tin layer by adjusting the current density and time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cooling and drying: The tinned copper strip is washed, dried and solidified to ensure that the coating adheres firmly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Tin coating types and applications<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      \u2705 (1) SN60PB40 (60% tin + 40% lead)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Melting point: 183\u00b0C \u2013 190\u00b0C<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Traditional solder has excellent welding performance and good wettability, but its use is gradually restricted due to the lead content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u2705 (2) SN100 (pure tin layer)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Melting point: 232\u00b0C<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Lead-free environmentally friendly plating, compliant with RoHS standards, good corrosion resistance, but high soldering temperature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u2705 (3) SN97AG3 (97% tin + 3% silver)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Melting point: 221\u00b0C<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      High quality lead-free alloy with high solder joint strength and excellent high temperature resistance, commonly used in high reliability components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. Tin plating thickness control<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        \u2705 Conventional thickness: 5\u03bcm \u2013 30\u03bcm, according toPhotovoltaic modules<\/a>Select the application scenario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u2705 The influence of tin plating thickness:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Too thin: Affects welding effect and easily causes false welds and cold welds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Too thick: It is easy to have solder overflow and tin slag accumulation, affecting the appearance and performance of the components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \ud83d\udcca 5. Tin coating quality inspection standards<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u2705 Adhesion test: The tin plating layer is firmly bonded to the copper substrate and no peeling should occur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u2705 Thickness detection: Use XRF (X-ray fluorescence) or electron microscope to measure the thickness of the tin plating layer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u2705 Anti-oxidation test: Conduct high temperature and humidity aging test, and the tin plating layer must maintain oxidation resistance.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        The tinning of photovoltaic ribbon is to evenly cover a layer of tin or tin alloy on the surface of high-purity copper substrate to improve the welding performance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of the ribbon. The following [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9300,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33519"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33519\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9300"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ray-tron.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}